Facts About the American Legal System

The American legal system is primarily a common law system, which means that judicial decisions setting precedent are a primary source of law. However, the United States federal government and some states have adopted civil law systems in some respects. In a civil law system, courts base their decisions on codes and statutes rather than judicial precedents. There are two main types of courts in the American legal system: civil courts and criminal courts. Civil courts deal with disputes between individuals or businesses, while criminal courts deal with cases brought by the government against individuals or businesses accused of breaking the law.

While both civil and criminal courts follow similar procedures, there are some key differences between the two. For instance, in a criminal court, the burden of proof is on the prosecution to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant committed the crime. In a civil court, the burden of proof is on the plaintiff to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant is liable. Another key difference is that criminal courts can impose punishments such as jail time or fines, while civil courts can only issue orders such as requiring the payment of damages.

Criminal Law

Criminal law in the United States is defined by federal, state, and local statutes. Federal criminal law deals with crimes that are in violation of federal law. State criminal law deals with crimes that are in violation of state laws. Crimes are divided into two categories: misdemeanors and felonies. Misdemeanors are less serious crimes that are punishable by up to one year in jail. Felonies are more serious crimes that are punishable by more than one year in prison.

Civil Law

Civil law is the branch of law that deals with disputes between individuals and/or organizations, typically over issues like property ownership, contracts and personal injury. It is different from criminal law, which deals with offenses committed in violation of criminal statutes. In the United States, civil law is based on English common law and statutory law. This means that judges will often look to past court decisions (precedents) when ruling on a case as well as any applicable statutes. If there is no relevant precedent, they will use logic and reasoning (analogies) to come to a decision. Civil law is generally divided into two main categories: substantive law and procedural law. Substantive law deals with the rights and duties of parties involved in a dispute, while procedural law sets out the rules and procedures of the court that must be followed in order to have the dispute heard by a court.

Are you a Hoosier who is ready to learn your legal rights after being wrongly injured by a negligent party? C o ntact the Law Office of Craven, Hoover, and Blazek P.C. at 317-881-2700 to schedule a no-risk, no-fee personal injury evaluation to explore your eligibility, today. We represent clients all throughout the state of Indiana and Indiana residents injured in other states.

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Personal injury cases are highly complex since they involve the law. Such cases are made even more complex when accidents are so severe, they can lead to permanent losses or even wrongful deaths. This leads many to wonder whether or not personal injury cases are criminal matters. Although it would seem reasonable to assume that an accident that leads to another person’s death would result in someone being criminally penalized, it is not always the case. In fact, numerous personal injury lawsuits are civil matters and do not involve crimes being committed.

Continue reading to learn the fundamental differences between criminal and civil law, as well as, how to make a personal injury claim for compensation after being negligently injured in an accident.

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Criminal Legal Matters

Criminal law involves crimes against the state, government, or society in whole. Criminal violations, like felonies and misdemeanors, are subject to state and federal punishment, therefore, guilty person’s face jail time, governmental fines, and more. In criminal law, the burden of proof shifts to a more complex principle. It is always up to the state prosecutors to provide evidence in order to prove that a defendant is guilty.

All people are innocent until proven guilty, so the defendant has no burden of proving their own innocence at all in a criminal case. There are a few exceptions to this rule, in the case of insanity claims and self-defense claims. The state has the responsibility of proving “beyond a reasonable doubt” that a defendant is guilty of the crime in question. Beyond a reasonable doubt that a defendant is guilty for a jury to hand down a guilty verdict is a very high bar for a prosecutor to meet.

Civil Legal Matters

In contrast to criminal law, civil law is the area of the American legal system that manages disputes or wrong-doings between private parties, rather than the state, government, or society as a whole. A common example of such cases involve injuries. If someone is wrongfully injured by another person demonstrating negligence or malicious intent, they can ask the courts to decide who is at-fault and if the negligent party should pay remuneration to the injured person. The same goes for family law and divorce cases, disagreements over property ownership, breach of contracts, wrongful terminations, and more.

Anyone found guilty of a civil matter or infraction will not be subjected to jail time, government fines, or capital punishment. Instead, most civil litigation cases end with a negligent party being order to compensate the injured party for their losses and any additional damages caused by the defendant’s negligence. Recompense is often times paid by the defendant’s insurance provider, but sometimes, they must pay out of pocket if they did not have insurance, for example. If they have no money, assets, or insurance, an injured person may not receive any recompense, even if it is court-ordered, and even if ordered to pay by a court, discharge of the obligation in bankruptcy can still be a high probability.

As for burden of proof, civil cases and criminal cases differ greatly. In civil law, the plaintiff has the burden of proving their damages and the negligent act of the opposing party be a more likely than not standard, which is much lower than the beyond a reasonable doubt standard in a criminal manner. The defendant has the burden of proof regarding and defenses they assert in the civil matter. In a civil case, a plaintiff and a defendant must hire and pay for their own attorney, or choose to defend themselves. Only in criminal cases will the state offer a lawyer for free. However, in a civil matter, because most defendants have insurance, the insurance company will hire and pay the defense attorney fees and expenses.

Get Trusted Advice Today

Personal injury cases are highly complex and require professional legal representation. Talk to your trusted personal injury attorney to learn more about your particular claim, including which course of action best meets your needs for compensation and justice. Start by calling the Law office of Craven, Hoover, and Blazek P.C. at 317-881-2700 to schedule a free initial consultation. Our experienced Indiana accident lawyers, Daniel Craven, Ralph Hoover, and Keith Blazek, are ready to recover the full and fair compensation you deserve.

Craven, Hoover, & Blazek P.C.

Tag Archives: civil law vs criminal law

The Difference Between Civil Law and Criminal Law